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Cellular Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules across a cell membrane. Uses energy. |
| Carrier Protien | Involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. |
| Cell Membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Channel Protien | A protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. |
| Concentration Gradient | The process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. |
| Endocytosis | A form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules into the cell by engulfing them in an energy-using process. |
| Exocytosis | A process in which an intracellular vesicle moves to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues. |
| Facilitated Transport | The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane |
| Fluid-mosaic Membrane Model | Describes the plasma membrane of animal cells. |
| Glycolipid | Membrane components composed of lipids that are covalently bonded to monosaccharides or polysaccharides. |
| Glycoprotein | proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. |
| Hydrophilic | Water loving |
| Hydrophobic | Water fearing |
| Hypertonic | concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.. |
| Hypotonic | concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it. |
| Isotonic | concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell. |
| Osmosis | spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration |
| Passive Transport Processes | A form of transport by which no energy is required, includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
| Phagocytosis | the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome. |
| Phospholipid | a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. |
| Pinocytosis | a mode of endocytosis in which small particles are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles. |
| Pressure Gradient | A physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. |
| Selectively Permeable | A type of biological membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion" |
| Tonicity | Measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
Created by:
curquhar
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