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Bio 12 Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor (often a concentration gradient). |
| Carrier Proteins | Channel proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules, while carrier proteins are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. |
| Cell Membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Channel Proteins | A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. |
| Concentration Gradeient | The formal definition of concentration gradient is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. |
| Diffusion | Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. |
| Endocytosis | Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process. |
| Exocytosis | Exocytosis is a process in which an intracellular vesicle (membrane bounded sphere) moves to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues. Many cellular processes involve exocytosis. |
| Facilitated Transport | Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. |
| Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model | a conceptual model of cell membrane and its boundary as a tightly packed double layer of phospholipid molecules interspersed with protein molecules which aid cross-membrane transport |
| Glycolipid | Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic bond. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. |
| Glycoprotein | Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. |
| Hydrophilic | Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules, respectively. Some hydrophilic substances do not dissolve. |
| Hydrophobic | the physical property of a molecule (known as a hydrophobe) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water. (Strictly speaking, there is no repulsive force involved; it is an absence of attraction.) |
| Hypertonic | hypertonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it |
| Hypotonic | A hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it |
| isotonic | which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell |
| Osmosis | Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. |
| Passive Transport Process | Passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input |
| Phagocytosis | In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome. |
| Phospholipid | generally consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and a hydrophilic "head" consisting of amponents are joined together by a glycerol molecule |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | Lipid bilayer is a universal component of all cell membranes. The structure is called a "lipid bilayer" because it composed of two layers of fatty acids organized in two sheets. |
| Pinocytosis | pinocytosis otherwise known as cell drinking, fluid endocytosis, and bulk-phase pinocytosis, is a mode of endocytosis in which small particles are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles. |
| Pressure Gradient | difference in pressure between two adjoining regions |
| Selectively Permeable | built-in capacity of a cell membrane to prevent or allow specific substances from crossing it at certain times, in certain amounts |
| Tonicity | Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
Created by:
Robbieyelland
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