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Microevolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| natural selection | process when organisms are better adapted into their environment tend to survive and reproduce more. |
| convergent evolution | organisms not closely related evolve similar traits and have similar environments and niches. (no common ancestor) |
| allopatric speciation | Biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve genetic reproductive isolation, if the barrier breaks down, individuals of the population can no longer interbreed. |
| genetic drift | change in the genetic composition of a population due to random events rather than natural selection, resulting in changes in allele frequencies over time. |
| Cryptic coloration | camouflage |
| defensive adaptation | passively(hiding), actively(fleeing), cryptic coloration(camouflage) |
| polymorphism | a discontinuous genetic variation resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species. |
| warning coloration | color characteristic of a poisonous or unpalatable organism that functions as a warning against predators. |
| sexual selection | "special case" of natural selection, acts on an organism's ability to obtain or successfully reproduce with a mate. Can attract predators and interest members of the opposite sex. |
| adaptive radiation | organisms diversify rapidly into multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. |
| mimicry | imitation of one organism from another. |
| homology | likeness in structure between parts of different organisms due to evolutionary differentiation from corresponding part in a common ancestor. |
| mutualism | both benefit. |
| commensalism | one benefits, one is not affected. |
| parasitism | predators that live on or in their hosts, usually feeding off their body tissues or fluids. |
| antibiotics resistance in bacteria (how does natural selection contribute?) | consequence of evolution through random mutation, also by applying evolutionary stress on a population. If a bacteria carries several resistance genes, multiresistant, (superbug). |
| analogous structures | convergent evolution |
| homologous structures | traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestor |
| vestigial structures | lost much of its ancestral function. |
| reproductive isolation | mechanisms that prevents two different species that mate from reproducing or offspring is sterile. |
| geographic isolation | a population of animals, plants, or other organisms that separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species. By barriers, distance,natural disaster or separation. |
| behavioral isolation | Signals that attract mates to each other may be one of the most important factors in determining whether closely related species mate with each other or not. |
| latent variations | phenotypically silent DNA sequences which may be reactivated by various genetic mechanisms. |
| sterility | infertile |
| divergent evolution | diverge into two different species |
| sympatric speciation | a new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. |
Created by:
tmcmichael18
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