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SLS Bio12 Cell Trans
SLS Bio12 Cell Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active transport | is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor |
| carrier protein | are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. |
| cell membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| channel protein | is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. |
| concentration gradient | is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. |
| diffusion | refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. |
| endocytosis | is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell |
| exocytosis | is a process in which an intracellular vesicle (membrane bounded sphere) moves to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues. |
| facilitated transport | is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. |
| fluid-mosaic membrane model | In this model, a flexible layer made of lipid molecules is interspersed with large protein molecules that act as channels through which other molecules enter and leave the cell. |
| glycolipid | are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. |
| glycoprotein | are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. |
| hydrophilic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. |
| hydrophobic | nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. |
| hypertonic | If concentrations of dissolved solutes are greater outside the cell, the concentration of water outside is correspondingly lower. As a result, water inside the cell will flow outwards to attain equilibrium, causing the cell to shrink. |
| isotonic | the total molar concentration of dissolved solutes is the same in both of them. |
| hypotonic | If concentrations of dissolved solutes are less outside the cell than inside the concentration of water outside is greater. When a cell is exposed to hypotonic conditions, there is net water movement into the cell. Cells without walls may burst (lyse) if |
| osmosis | is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. |
| passive transport processes | Diffusion across a cell membrane is a type of passive transport, or transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy |
| phagocytosis | s the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome. |
| phospholipid | They can form lipid bilayers The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and a hydrophilic "head" consisting of a phosphate group. |
| phospholipid bilayer | The structure is called a "lipid bilayer" because it composed of two layers of fatty acids organized in two sheets. |
| pinocytosis | is a mode of endocytosis in which small particles are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles. |
| pressure gradient | is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. |
| selectively permeable | a partially permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane, is a type of biological membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion |
| tonicity | is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
Created by:
erinishiki
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