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Chapter 5, Section 1

Vocab for 5.1 Biology

TermDefinition
Carrier protein A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
Concentration gradient A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
Contractile vacuole In protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure
Cytolysis The bursting of a cell
Diffusion The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Equilibrium In biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Facilitated diffusion The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
Hypertonic Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
Hypotonic Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
Ion channel A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass
Isotonic Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
Osmosis The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
Passive transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
Plasmolysis The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis
Turgor pressure The pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell
Created by: CareGraceR
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