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SLS Bio11 genetics P

SLS Bio 11 genetics PG

TermDefinition
Allele one of two or more forms of a gene that are made by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
autosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Codominance Relationship between two versions of a cell
dihybrid a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes.
dominate alele an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
genotype the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
hetrozygous a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive
homozygous a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait
monohybrid a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene.
multiple allele an allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population.
phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
punnet square The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
recessive allele n an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
sex chromozone A type of chromosome in the genome that is involved in the determination of the sex as well as the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.
sex-linked trait A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.
test cross It is a mating in which an individual showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual showing its recessive phenotype.
apoptosis a genetically regulated process leading to the death of cells and triggered by the presence or absence of certain stimuli,
cell cycle The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that makes two daughter cells
centreole divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis
chromere One of the serially aligned beadlike granules of concentrated chromatin that constitutes a chromosome during the early phases of cell division.
chromatin the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division.
chromosone Chromosomes are the things that make organisms what they are
crossing-over A process occurring during meiosis wherein two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.
cytokinesis the physical process of cell division
diploid 2n chromosome number Having two sets of chromosomes or double the haploid number of chromosomes
gamete Gametes are the cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new individual organism or zygote
haploid n chromosome number Biology. pertaining to a single set of chromosomes.
homologous chromosone a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another
meiosis Meiosis is the process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms during the production of spores or gametes.
mitosis The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell.
somatic cell one of the cells that take part in the formation of the body
synapsis the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.
Created by: Pguatto
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