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Cell Division
Cell Division Notes - Review
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cell Division | Process by which a cell divides into 2 new cells |
Cells need to divide | Living things grow by producing more cells repair of damaged tissue If a cells gets too big, it can not get enough nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell |
Parent Cell | The original cell; 2 new cells are called DAUGHTER cell. |
Before Cell Division occurs | The Cell copies (replicates) all of its DNA, so each daughter cell gets complete set of GENETIC INFORMATION from parent cell. |
Daughter Cell | Each daughter cell is EXACTLY like the parent cell - same kind and number of CHROMOSOMES as the original cell |
Unicellular Organisms | Reproduce by means of cell divisions- called ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION. |
DNA | Located in the NUCLEUS and controls all cell activities including cell division |
Chromatin | Long and thread-like DNA in a non dividing cell |
Chromosome | DOUBLED, COILED, short DNA in a dividing cell. |
Chromosome consist of two parts | Chromatid and Centromere |
DNA need to change from Chromatin to Chromosomes | More EFFICIENT division |
CENTROMERE | 2 identical sister chromatids attached at an area in the middle |
Chromosome Number | Every organism (Human, Dog) has its own SPECIFIC NUMBER of chromosomes. |
Cell Cycle | Series of events cells go through as they GROW and DIVIDE |
Cell prepare for division | Cell GROWS, prepares for division, then DIVIDES to form 2 daughter cells - each of which then begins the cycle again. |
Interphase is divided into 3 phases | G1 - cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles S -synthesis of DNA (DNA replication) G2 - organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. |
Somatic cells | an organism that have the SAME kind and NUMBER of chromosomes. |
Interphase | Period of cell GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT |
Occurs during Interphase | DNA COPY (replication) occurs during interphase The cell grows, carries out normal cell activities, replicates all other ORGANELLES Interphase is where the cell spends most of its lifecycle. |
Mitosis | Division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes |
Mitosis occurs | In ALL the SOMATIC (body) cells. |
Why does Mitosis occurs | So EACH new DAUGHTER cell has nucleus with a complete set of chromosomes. |
4 phases of nuclear Division (mitosis), directed by the cell's DNA (PMAT) | 1) Prophase 2) Anaphase 3) Metaphase 4Telophase |
Cell Cycle | When cell become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with NEW cells. |
Cell Division Control | DNA Controls ALL cell activities including cell division. |
Cells loose control | Loose the ability to control their rate of cell division - the DNA of these cells has become damaged or changed (mutated) |
Tumors | Super- dividing cells form masses |
Cytokinesis | the DIVISION of the rest of the cell (CYTOPLASM and ORGANELLES) after the nucleus divides. |
Animal Cell | the CYTOPLASM pinches in |
Plant Cell | a CELL PLATE forms |
After mitosis and cytokinesis | The cell returns to INTERPHASE to continue to grow and perform regular cell activities |
Benign Tumors | are not cancerous - these cell do not spread to other parts of the body. |
Malignant Tumors | are cancerous - these cells break loose and can invade and destroy healthy tissue in other parts of the body called metastasis |