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SLS Bio 11 Genetics
SLS Bio 11 AV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| codominance | relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. |
| dihybrid | a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes. |
| dominant allele | an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| heterozygous | pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive |
| homozygous | pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait |
| mono hybrid | hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene |
| multiple allele | Three or more alleles for a particular gene |
| phenotype | set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| punnet square | diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
| recessive allele | allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical |
| sex chromosome | a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism |
| sex-linked trait | trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent. |
| test cross | a genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter |
| anoptosis | the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development |
| cell cycle | series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides |
| centriole | a small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells |
| centromere | the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division. |
| chromatin | material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed |
| chromosome | threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells |
| crossing-over | exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis |
| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| gamete | mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
| haploid | a single set of unpaired chromosomes. |
| homologous chromosome | pair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined to together at the centromere |
| meiosis | type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
| mitosis | cell division that results in two daughter |
| nondisjunction | failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division |
| somatic cell | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells. |
| synapsis | fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis |
Created by:
aveenstra
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