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Unit 3 Biochemistry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are elements? | pure substances that cannot be broken down |
96% of the mass of life is made of these 6 elements (HINT: CHONPS) | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
What is an atom? | the simplest particle of an element |
What is an Ion? | an atom that gains or loses an electron or electrons |
What is a positive ion? | an ion that has lost one or more electrons |
What is a negative ion? | an ion that has gained an electron |
How do ionic bonds form? | positively charged ions are attracted to each other |
How does a covalent bond form? | atoms share electrons to achieve a full electron shell |
What are the properties of water? | Cohesive, Adhesive, Solvent, Expands when frozen, High specific heat, absorbs heat when evaporated |
What is capillary action? | water flows up narrow tubes against gravity because of adhesion to tube and cohesion to water above |
What is surface tension? | surface of water behaves like an elastic film because of cohesion of surface water |
What are macromolecules made out of? | carbon and hydrogen |
What is the monomer of carbs? | monosaccaride |
What is the structure of carbs? | rings of carbon |
What is the main function of carbs? | store energy |
What is the monomer of lipids? | fatty acids |
What is the structure of lipids? | long carbon chains |
What are the main functions of lipids? | energy, insulation, cell membrane |
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
What is the structure of nucleic acids? | long strands |
What is the main function of nucleic acid? | carry genetic info for making proteins |
What is the monomer of proteins? | amino acids |
What is the structure of proteins? | complex folded shapes |
What are the mains functions of proteins? | structure, transport, movement, defense, regulation of cell functions |
What factors affect enzyme activity? | temperature and pH |
What are the most important elements for life? | CHONPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur) |
How many bonds can carbon form? | 4 covalent bonds |
What kind of molecule is an enzyme? | protein |