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Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotroph | self feeding |
| heterotroph | other feeding |
| obligate aerobe | need oxygen |
| facultative anaerobe | can live in oxygen or oxygen free environment |
| pili | hair like structures gram negative help to stick on surfaces and conjugation bridge |
| chromosomes | single loop of DNA folded onto itself |
| nucleoid | where DNA is found |
| plasmid | small loop of DNA that contains few genes |
| capsule | found outside bacteria stores nutrients and protects from changing environmental conditions. |
| transduction | viruses carry DNA from one bacterial cell to another |
| transformation | bacteria can absorb naked DNA released by dead bacteria from the environment |
| conjugation | two bacteria join at a conjugation bridge one passes on copy of its plasmid or chromosome |
| decomposers | recycle dead organisms releasing their nutrients back to the environment for use by other organisms |
| chemosynthetic bacteria | in deep ocean vents convert hydrogen sulfide gas into energy |
| cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria which act as producers in many aquatic ecosystems |
| pathogens | organisms that cause disease |
| where do bacteria live? | in or on other organisms and aid them (host) |
| what are 3 things toxins can do to you? | poison cells, damage tissues, interfere with cell signalling, and over stimulate cells |
| parasites | absorb nutrients from living organisms |
| methanogens | use oxygen and make methane as a waste product.found in swamp sediments, sewage, and buried land fills. |
| halophiles | salt-loving archaebacteria. Large numbers can turn waters dark pink. pigment used for type of photosynthesis that gives them energy but do not produce oxygen. aerobes |
| thermophiles | archaebacteria from hot springs and high temperature environments. can grow above boiling water temperature.don't use oxygen. |
| nitrogen fixing bacteria | chemosynthetic bacteria that provides all living things the nitrogen needed to make proteins and nucleic acids |
| saprobes | decomposers that release nutrients for plant growth from breaking down dead organic matter |
| when does endospore formation start? | when nutrients become limiting they start a survival strategy which is an adaptive response of the bacteria to their environment |
| pastuerization | (140 F) delicate foods to reduce bacteria numbers not kill it all |
| sterilization | high heat in the process of canning |
| refrigeration | extends shelf life |
| freezing | slows or stops multiplication of bacteria |
| salting/drying | removes water so bacteria cannot survive |
| coccus | round |
| bacillus | rod |
| spirillium | spiral |
| diplo | pair |
| strepto | chain |
| staphylo | cluster |
| toxins | substances that disrupt the metabolism of other organisms |
| endotoxin | lipids and carbs associated with the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. strongest poisons known to man |
| exotoxin | proteins produced inside gram positive bacteria and cause fever, weakness, and capillary damage |
| antibiotics | chemicals which either kill bacteria or prevent their growth or reproduction |
| penicillin | interferes with cell wall synthesis |
| tetracycline | interferes with protein synthesis |
| sulfa drugs | antibiotics synthesized in laboratories |
| 5 ways antibiotics can attack bacteria | damage the cells walls, damage the cell membrane, prevent protein synthesis, prevent DNA from being copied, and interfere with bacterial metabolism |
| do antibiotics affect viruses? | no |
Created by:
edenbreslauer
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