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Study Guide
Bacteria/Virus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| archaebacteria | oldest form of bacteria and are the extremophiles |
| eubacteria | heterotroph decomposers |
| which bacteria kingdom is most closely related to the other kingdoms? | eubacteria |
| saprobes | decomposers |
| what are the 3 shapes of bacteria | sphere, rod, spiral |
| coccus | sphere |
| bacillus | rod |
| spirllium | spiral |
| prefix Diplo | pair |
| prefix strepto | chain |
| prefix staphylo | cluster |
| major method of reproduction used by bacteria | asexual |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria | they convert nitrogen to nitrates which the plants absorb to make proteins and nucleic acid |
| name of bacteria that live on dead material | heterotrophs |
| name of harmful bacteria | pathogens |
| two ways bacteria can harm living organisms | |
| age of oldest bacteria fossils | 3.8 billion |
| chemosynthetic | in deep ocean vents convert hydrogen sulfide gas into energy |
| cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria which act as producers in many aquatic ecosystems |
| thermophiles | archaebacteria from hot springs and other high temperature environments |
| methanogens | make methane gas as a waste product, found is swamp sediments sewage and buried landfills |
| 4 methods to stop or slow down bacteria growth on food | pastuerization, sterilization, refrigeration, freezing (salting/drying) |
| do bacteria break down their food inside or outside their cells? | |
| how does the way bacteria breaks down their food inside their cell compare to eukaryote cells? | |
| role of soil decomposers | to release nutrients for plant growth |
| exotoxins | proteins produced inside gram positive bacteria which produce fever, weakness, and capillary damage |
| endospore | handle a lot of environmental stress |
| how do antibiotics kill bacteria? | damage cell walls, damage cell membranes, prevent protein synthesis, prevent DNA copying, and interfere with bacterial metabolism |
| what is the harm of antibiotic overuse? | it can damage the good or normal bacteria |
| why is gram staining used on bacteria? | to help doctors diagnose the disease |
| gram positive bacteria | large amount of peptidoglycan |
| which antibiotic kills gram positive bacteria? | penicilin |
| gram negative bacteria | thin layer of peptidoglycan |
| which antibiotic kills gram negative bacteria? | tetracycline |
| which photosynthetic bacteria changed earths atmosphere? | cyanobacteria |
| what did cyanobacteria do to change the worlds atmosphere? | they made the first oxygen in it |
| chemoautrophic bacteria | help plants to get nitrogen from air |
| what crucial role does chemoautrophic bacteria lay in soil for plants? | important for nitrification which helps plants make proteins |
| heterotrophic bacteria | release nutrients for plants to absorb |
| what crucial role does heterotrophic bacteria okay in the environment? | major decomposers of the living world |
| rhizobium bacteria | heterotrophic bacteria that live within nodules on the roots of legumes |
| relationship between rhizobium and plants | plant gives it a place to live, it gives plant nitrates to use in plant protein |
| process of bacteria reproduction | binary fission |
| how much smaller is bacteria compared to eukaryote | 10x |
| 3 good things about bacteria | decomposers, convert nitrogen in soil, help with digestion |
Created by:
edenbreslauer
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