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Genetic unit key voc
For Monnat grade 7 by Kelly Mills
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| Trait | A characteristic a parent can pass from parent to offspring on genes |
| Purebred | An organism with two identical traits |
| Hybrid | A organism with two identical traits |
| Offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child |
| Gene | The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA |
| Alleles | The different form of a gene |
| Dominant | a trait which overshadows recessive traits |
| Recessive | a trait which only shows in a organism if no dominant is present |
| Phenotype | The physical trait |
| Genotype | The letters of a trait |
| Homozygous | an organism with two identical alleles |
| Heterozygous | an organism with two different alleles |
| Codominance | a condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
| Meiosis | The process of making mating cells, by which the chromosomes are reduced by half. |
| Haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Mutations | a change in the gene or chromosome |
| Insertion | The addition of extra DNA or RNA into a section of genetic material. |
| Deletion | the loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome. |
| Substitution | something acting in the place of another |
| Sex | linked gene |
| Carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have that phenotype |
| Sex chromosome | A pair of genes which determine whether a person is male or female. |
| Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
| Pedigree | a chart or family tree that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| Selective breeding | |
| Inbreeding | a selective breeding method in which two indiviguals with identical or similar sets of alleles are bred |
| Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individual organisms are crossed |
| Clone | an organism who has exactly the same genes as the organism is was produced from. |
| Genetic Engineering | the transfer of a gene for the DNA of one organism into another organism |
| Gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in hope to fix it. |
| Messenger RNA | Copies the coded message from DNA in the coded message |
| Transfer RNA | carries amino acid to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein. |
| karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell. |
| Probability | predicts the results of a cell |
| Fertilization | When sperm and egg meet |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles in offspring |
| Genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| Trait | Each different form or a characteristic |
Created by:
Katey Mille
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