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Biology: Chapter 4.3
Chapter 4.3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phospholipid Bilayer | a double layer that forms when phospholipids are lined up so that their heads point outward toward the water and their tails point inward, away from the water |
| Chromosome | the condensed form of DNA when a cell is about to divide |
| Nuclear Envelope | a double membrane in which the nucleus is surrounded by |
| Nucleolus | a denser area that most nuclei contain |
| Ribosome | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| Mitochondrion | the organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a series of membranous tubes and sacs, called cisternae that functions primarily as an intracellular highway, a path along with molecules move from one part the cell to another |
| Golgi Apparatus | another system of flattened, membranous sacs where vesicles travel from one part of the apparatus to the next and transport substances as they go |
| Lysosome | vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes; these enzymes can break down large molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol |
| Microtubule | hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin; each tubulin molecule consists of two slightly different subunits |
| Microfilament | long threads of the bread-like protein actin that are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of rope; finer than microtubules |
| Cilium | hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement |
| Flagellum | hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in the movement |
| Centriole | consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angels to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope; these occur in animal cells, where they organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division |
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truongm19
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