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Unit 3:Cells
Terms for Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of all living things |
| Organism | Any living thing |
| Cell Membrane | Protective layer of the cell. Acts as a barrier from the outside. (fence) |
| Cytoplasm | The fluid that holds all the organelles of the cell (jello) |
| Organelle | Small body in a cells cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function |
| Nucleus | Organelle of the cell that provides instructions for all the cells organelles. |
| Prokaryote | Single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles (bacteria) |
| Eukaryote | An organism that is made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus (multi-celled organisms) |
| Atoms | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces |
| Lipid | A fat molecule that has similiar properties. They do not mix with water |
| Protein | A molecule that is made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. (Meat and peanut butter) |
| Carbohydrate | Molecules that include sugars, starches, and fiber. (good for energy) |
| Nucleic Acid | molecule that carries information to the cells. (DNA) |
| Phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorous |
| Cytoskeleton | Gives shape and support to the cell. (Bones) |
| Mitochondrion | The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for cell use. (battery, power plant) |
| Ribosome | Makes proteins for the cells with amino acids |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins. (roads) |
| Golgi Complex | Packages and disstributes material, such as proteins. (UPS/Mail) |
| Cell Wall | Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane only found in plant cells. |
| Vacuole | Fluid filled vesicle found in the cells of most animals, plants, and fungi. (Storage) Stores all enzymes, wastes, nutrients and water |
| Chloroplast | Organelles in plant cellls only that use photosynthesis to make their food. Green pigment called Chlorophyll. |
| Lysosome | Produces enzymes that digest wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. (Recycling Center) |
| Tissue | A group of similiar cells that perform a common function. (muscle tissue) |
| Organ | A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function. (heart, lungs, brain) |
| Organ System | a Group of Organs that work together to perform body functions. (circulatory system, nervous system) |
| Structure | The arrangements of parts in in an organism or object |
| Function | the activity of each part ion an organism |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of an internal balance of conditions in a changing external environment. Creating balance. |
| Photosynthesis | The process used by plants to make their own food. |
| Cellular respiration | Process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| Binary fission | type of asexual reproduction where prokaryotic cells divide into 2 cells |
| Mitosis | when chromosome copies are separated and the nucleus and cell divide to form 2 identical cells |
| Passive transport | The movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Diffusion | The movemnet of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane |
| Active transport | The movement of particles where the cell must use energy |
| Endocytosis | When a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose it and bring it INTO the cell |
| Exocytosis | Particles are enclosed and RELEASED from the cell |
| Cell Theory | 1. The cell is the basic unit of all organisms 2. All organisms are made of 1 or more cells 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
Created by:
palmer_wwms
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