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GED Life Science
Lessons 1-2 Cell Structures/Functions/Processes/Energy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cell | the basic unit of life |
unicellular | consists of a single cell (such as bacteria and protozoa) |
multicellular | consists of multiple cells (such as plants and animals) |
cell membrane | a structure that keeps the cell's contents separate from its external environment |
cytoplasm | a watery, jellylike substance that can include other cell structures |
genetic material | coded instructions for carrying out the cell's activities |
prokaryotes | bacteria |
nucleus | contains genetic material that directs the activities of the cell |
eukaryotic cells | a cell that contains the genetic material within a nucleus (all plant and animal cells) |
cell wall | gives the cell shape and rigidity (in a plant cell) |
chloroplasts | absorb sun's energy for the production of food (in a plant cell) |
vacuole | stores water, nutrients, wastes, and other substances (in a plant cell) |
ribosomes | produce proteins (in a plant cell) |
mitochondrion | cell's energy is produced here (in a plant cell) |
photosynthesis | a process where green plants, some algae, and some bacteria use energy from sunlight to make food (oxygen is a by-product) |
glucose | a simple sugar |
chlorophyll | a pigment that gives plants their green color |
carbohydrates | As a result of photosynthesis, a place where energy is stored |
cellular respiration | A process in which carbohydrates are broken down to release energy (carbon dioxide is a by-product) |