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Cell Structure
Cell Structure and Function Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Discovery of the Cell | Mid 1600's scientist began using microscope to observe living things |
| Robert Hooke | Used Microscope to observe thin slice of Cork - dead plant material |
| Corked seemed to be made of box-like chambers - Hooke called | Cell |
| Cell Theory | All Living things composed of cells |
| Cells | Are the basic unit of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION in living things. |
| New cells are produced from | Existing Cells |
| Organisms | Made of ONE CELL- UNICELLULAR organisms |
| Example of Organism is | BACTERIA |
| Multicellular | Made of MANY CELLS organisms. |
| Example of Multicellular | Plants and Animals |
| Homeostasis | Process by which organism maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| Each cell must be in what with it's environment, exchange food, waste, H20 | Balance |
| Prokaryotic | Organisms that do not have a distinct nucleus |
| Example of Prokaryotic | BACTERIA |
| Eukaryotic | Organisms with cells that have true nucleus and organelles |
| Example of Eukaryotic | Plants, animals, fungi |
| Organelles | Specialized cell parts or "Little Organs" |
| Cytoplasm | Gel-like medium that holds the organelle in position |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell |
| Nuclear Membrane | Double Membrane that SURROUNDS THE NUCLEUS. |
| Chromatin | HEREDITARY INFORMATION inside the nucleus. |
| Ribosomes | Makes Protein |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Rough ER) | Makes and TRANSPORT PROTEIN within the cell |
| Called Rough ER because | The Ribosomes along the membrane and found on its surface. |
| Rough ER has extensive network continuous with | Nuclear Envelope |
| Function of the Rough ER | to Modify and transport proteins. |
| Most of the Proteins for Rough ER are packaged into | Vesicles |
| The Vesicles of Rough ER are shuttled to the | Golgi apparatus |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | MANUFACTURES AND TRANSPORT LIPIDS and other materials within the cell. |
| The Function of Smooth ER | breaks down GLYCOGEN detoxifies POISONS, and stores CALCIUM. |
| Called Smooth ER because | It lacks ribosomes found on its surface |
| Golgi apparatus | Process and packages proteins and other substances produced in the ER |
| The Function of Golgi Apparatus is | Receives, Modifies, and ships products by way of vesicles into the CYTOSOL - CELL MEMBRANE |
| Lysosomes | Cleans up the cell and digest unwanted materials |
| Found in only Animal Cells | Lysosomes |
| Lysosomes contain round sacs containing | Enzymes that breakdown and recycle used cell components. Also used as a defense against bacteria and viruses |
| Vacuoles | Sac like structures may be used as storage for WATER, MOLECULE, OR WASTE. |
| Plants cells usually contains a | LARGE VACUOLE that fills most of the cell - pressure from this large vacuole helps plant support themselves. |
| Mitochondria | ENERGY SOURCE of the cell. |
| Cell Wall | Provides support and Protection for cells. |
| Chloroplast | Makes glucose using the energy from the sun (Photosynthesis) |
| Double- walled organelle with inner folds to | Increase surface area |
| Mitochondria uses | Glucose to manufacture energy in the form of ATP |
| Mitochondria has it's own | DNA |
| Chloroplast is found in | Plant Cell |
| Chloroplast contains | Chlorophyll and their own DNA |
| Chloroplast harvest energy from the | Sun to produce ATP through photosynthesis |
| Centrioles | Found in Animal cells only. |
| Centrioles only bundle of | Microtubules that play a role in cell division. |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of protein filaments that helps cells MAINTAIN ITS SHAPE. |
| Cytoskeleton is composed of | Protein fibers known as microtubules. |
| Cytoskeleton provide motility for some cells in the form of | Cilia or Flagella |
| Extensive cytoskeleton found in | Animal Cells |
| Cilia | Like little hairs |
| Flagella | Like a tail |
| Specialized parts of the Cell for Movement | Cilia and Flagella |
| The Structure of cells | Is HOW IT IS BUILT |
| The Function of a cell | Is WHAT IT DOES |
| Example of Plant Cell | Leaf Cell and Root Cell |
| Leaf Cell | Contains MANY CHOLORPLAST TO maximize PHOTSYNTHESIS |
| Root Cell | Contain MANY VACUOLES to maximize water and starch storage. |
| Example of Animal Cell | Epithelial Cell |
| Epithelial Cell | Have VILLI to increase NUTRIENT ABSORPTION; found in the intestines. |
| Muscle Cell | Contain MANY MITOCHONDRIA to produce more energy for movement |
| Nerve Cell | Have fibers called DEDRITES that allow nerve cells to COMMUNICATE with each other. |
Created by:
spotsville2
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