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Cells (Ch.3)
Unit 1, L.1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of structure of all living things; smallest unit in which life processes can be carried out |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of one or more cells; a cell is the basic unit of life - all chemical reactions occur within cell; cells come from other cells |
| cell wall | thick outer layer of cellulose |
| cell membrane | flexible thin protective layer that helps control what goes in and out of cell (security - police) |
| cytoplasm | watery fluid inside cell (Mr. Liquid) |
| organelles | structures inside a cell that perform a certain purpose |
| nucleus | cell control center; largest organelle |
| nuclear membrane | wall of nucleus- regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus |
| chromosomes | hold genetic information that is passed on to new cells; also direct cell growth and reproduction |
| mitochondria | produce energy for the cell; ATP, Metabolic pathways, and enzymes are at work in here |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | functions as the cell's transportation system- 1.Rough ER- has ribosomes attached, transports materials 2.Smooth ER- no ribosomes, transports materials |
| ribosomes | produce protein for the cell (Mr. Protein) |
| nucleolus | sun |
| Golgi Body | processes and transports proteins |
| lysosomes | recycle worn out cell parts (trasher) |
| vacuoles | store things like water and food the cell needs |
| chloroplasts | found only in plant cells; contain green chlorophyll |
| centrosome | center of nucleus |
| Hooke | saw the first cell |
| Cells testify to God's creative work! | cells contain enough complex genetic information to create a new organism! |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| cellular respiration | the breaking down of food molecules by cells into usable energy (happens in mitochondria) |
| ATP | molecule that carries small packets of energy |
| metabolic pathways | chemical reactions that break down or make materials the cells need |
| enzymes | special proteins that speed up chemical reactions (without them, reactions would not happen fast enough for cells to live) |