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Anesthesia
Anesthesia Reference Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nerve impluse (sensation of pain) are prevented by blocking the ________ ion from entering the nerve membrane. | sodium |
| A nerve can reach firing threshold if the current is able to skip over one node to another node that may not be blocked by anesthesia. This is due to: | salatory conductions and anesthesia not covering at least 8-10 mm of the nerve membrane |
| What would NOT be a barrier to local anesthetic effectiveness? | high percentage of base molecules in local anesthetic |
| What would the initial clinical overdose signs/symptoms be, for most anesthetics, if they occured in a patient given a local anesthetic without epinephrine? | CNS stimulation |
| How many milligrams of epinephrine are contained in one cartridge of LA with 1:100,000 epinephrine? | .018 |
| If a patinet is "sensitive" to systemic actions of epinephrine what response might you expect? | increase BP, heart palpitations, restlessness, dizziness |
| An allergic reaction is: | likely to be life threatening whe respiratpry symptoms occur and is alleviated by giving the patient benedryl when symptoms first occur. |
| When a reaction is described as being idiosyncratic this means: | it was caused by an unknown reason, genetic defect, and or patient psychosomatic status |
| You are giving an IA injections to your patient, you are anesthetizing which nerve? | inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve, lingual nerve |
| A 27 gauge short needle is: | 20 mm long and 1 in. long |
| You are going to scale and root plane the max. and mand. left quads on a patient who needs local anesthetic and has a history of mild hypertension, is not on BP meds and has no other medical history complications. What LA would be the best choice? | Prilocaine w/ 1:200,000 epi |
| If you choose to use lidocaine 1:100,000 on a patient who has a history of high blood pressure and is current;y on medication and their BP is in WNL. How many carpules would you consider appropriate to use at one appointment? | 2 carpules |
| Approximately how many carpules can the average healthy adult patient have per appointment of Lidocaine 1:100,000? | 8 carpules |
| What would the maximum number of carpules that should be used on a healthy 70 pound girl during one appointment if you were using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epi? | 3 carpules |
| When applying topical anesthetic, ________ minutes are required for optimal effectivness. | 1-2 |
| The mandibular IA block is frequently less than the profound anesthesia needed due to_________ | anatomic variations, lack of needed amount of LA solution deposited, and injection site below mandibular foramen. |
| Which of the following would not be indicated for an infiltration injection? | anesthesia of #30, and anesthesia of #4 with a perio abcess |
| _________ combined with local anesthetic may cause a dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure. | cocaine |
| One rubber "stopper" full of anesthetic would be approximately what volume? | 0.2 ml |
| What drug interaction may occur if a patient is taking cimetidine (Tagamet) and given an amide local anesthetic? | It can cause a deacrease in the capacity of the liver to metabolize the amide anesthetic. |
| A patient who manifests the following symptoms of lethargy, respiratory distress and cyanotic mucouse membranes and fingernails 3-4 hours after having local anesthesia may have... | methemogobinemia, had a large dose of priolocaine local anesthetic |
| Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the maximum dose of LA to be injected? | patient's weight, patient's age, patient's physical status |
| A characteristic that identifies the TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator) technique of local anesthesia is________ | anesthesia is obtained through applying a low voltage electric impulse to the target ares |
| Immediately prior to repolarization, which ion has the greates concentration on the outside of the nerve membrane? | potassium |
| The duration of the local anesthetic depends on______ | the binding potential of the cation |
| Diffusiblity of local anesthetics and time of onset of anesthesia are dependent on the? | pH of the extracellular fluid, pH of anesthetic solution, number of base molecules available |
| The most coomon cause of unconsciousness in the dental office is_____ | fear and anxiety |
| Small bubbles 1-2 mm in diameter, seen in a local anesthetic cartridge are usually | nitrogen bubbles |
| Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of the local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and prilocaine? | specific receptor theory |
| Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of the Gow Gates nerve block? | has a higher incidence of positive aspiration than the inferior alveolar block |
| Whichof the following injection provide pupal anesthesia? | PDL injection |
| The depth of penetration when giving a PSA to a typical adult patient is approximately | 16 mm |
| Which of the following injections require less than 1/2 cartridge of anesthetic | nasopalatine |
| An injection site landmark that is at the height of the mucobuccal fold over the 1st premolar is a characteristic of which injection | infraorbital |
| For most mandibular teeth, inflitration anesthetic is | impractical because of the density of the bone |
| How many milligrams of local anesthetic are found in a cartrige containg 2% lidocaine | 36 mg |
| Inflammation reduces the effectiveness of local anesthesia due to which of the following reasons? | increase vascularity and cationic molecules, reduced pH of surrounding tissues |
| Hematoma could be observed most frequently following the | posterior superior alveolar nerve block |
| To acheive heostasis of the palatal gingiva distal to the first premolar, which technique is recommended? | Greater palatine nerve block |
| If an anesthetic containing levonodefrin is selected, the concentration of the vasocontrictor will be | 1:20,000 |
| Pulpal anesthesia of the madibular 1st premolar would be acheived by giving | Incisive nerve block |
| Facial soft tissue anesthesia for the mandibular first molar would be achieved by giving | buccal |
| Pulpal anesthesia for the mandibular first molar | inferior alveolar nerve block |
| Localized lesions that occur intraorally aprroximately 2 days after local anesthetic injections are usually identified as | secondary bacterial infection and herpes simplex |
| Which of the following injections would not anesthetize the mandibular molars | buccal |
| Impulse conduction in myelinate nerves occurs faster then unmyelinated nerves due to | salatory conduction |
| In reading a medical hx, you note a patient reports uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, In considering medical contraindications to local anesthetics you would link the hyperthroidism most closely with contraindications with what | cardiovascular disease |
| You are going to recommend an analgesic for post-op discomfort. According to current literatue what would be the best recommendation? | Ibuprofen |
| Of the following, which is responsible for binding at the receptor site | RNH+ |
| Inflammation reduces absorption of local anesthetic agnes and | Increases the proportion of ionized form |
| which of the following local anesthetics is least recommended for pediactric use? | bupivacaine |
| Carbocaine is the proprietary or brand name for which type of anesthetic agent? | Mepivacaine |
| How many milligrams of local anesthetic are found in a cartridge containing 2% lidocaine plain | 36 |
| Complication: Trismus | temporary loss of muscular function due to damage to peripheral nerve fibers |
| Complication: Hematoma | Swelling of discoloration due to a fusion of blood into the surrounding tissues as a result of a torn blood vessel |
| Complication: Syncope | fainting, usually a phychological induced condition |
| Complication: Paresthesia | Altered sensation such as pins and needles feeling due to damaged sensory nerve |
| A hematoma can result from an incorrectly administered PSA block because the needle was overinserted and penetrated the | pterygoid plexus of veins |
| Which of the following local anesthetic blocks has the same target area as the incisive block | mental block |
| Which of the following nerves is not anesthetized during an interior alveolar block | buccal nerve |
| Which of the following anesthetic blocks uses pressure anesthesia of the tissue with an appicator stick to reduce patient discomfort? | Greater palatine block |
| Which of the following tissues are anesthetized during and IO block? | upper lip, side of nose, and lower eyelid |
| If the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary molar is not anesthetized by a PSA block the dental professional should | administer an MSA block injection |
| Which of the following is an injection landmark to palpate before an inferior alveolar block | cornoid notch |
| The injection site for the greater palatine block is located on the palate near the | maxillary second or third molar |
| If an extraction of a maxillary lateral incisor is scheduled, which of the following anesthetic blocks should be administered besides the IO block. | Nasopalatine |
| Transient facial paralysis can occur with incorrectly administered | inferior alveolar block |
| Allergic reactions to local anesthetics | result from an exaggerated response of the immune system |
Created by:
daisenmurray
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