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GBio CH 24 Ecology
Basic Ecology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | the part of earth that supports life |
| ecosystem | all the organisms living in an area as well as the nonliving parts of that environment |
| ecology | the study of interactions that occur among organisms and their environments |
| population | all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time |
| community | all the populations of all species living in an ecosystem |
| habitat | the place in which an organism lives |
| limiting factor | anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population |
| carrying capacity | the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time |
| when does competition occur? | when two or more organisms seek the same resources as the same time |
| what are some resources that organisms compete over? | food, water, living space and mates |
| what are examples of limiting factors? | availability of food, water, living space, mates, nesting sites, and other resources |
| what does birth rate and death rate have to do with population size? | when birth rate exceeds death rate then the population grows and when death rate exceeds birth rate the population shrinks |
| immigration | organisms moving into an area- this causes population growth to increase |
| emmigration | organisms moving out of an area- this causes population growth to decrease |
| exponential growth | the larger a population gets the faster it grows |
| when does exponential growth occur? | when there is plenty of food, living space and other resources for a population |
| producer | an organism that makes its own food |
| autotroph | another term or a producer |
| consumer | an organism that must eat (consume) food for energy |
| heterotroph | another term for a consumer |
| symbiosis | any close relationship between species |
| mutualism | when two species benefit within a relationship |
| commensalism | when one species benefits and the other species in the relationship is not harmed/hurt (unaffected) |
| parasitism | when one species benefits and the other species in the relationship is harmed |
| niche | an organisms role it plays in an environment |
| what factors would be included an in a raccoon's niche? | what it eats, where it lives, when it finds its food, when it mates, how many babies it has, how long it lives... |
| food chain | a simple model of the feeding relationships |
| food web | many food chains incorporated together |
| predator | an organism that hunts and eats prey |
| prey | an organism that gets hunted and eaten by a predator |
| predation | predator-prey relationship |
| habitat | the location of where an organism lives |
| photosynthesis | when producers convert light energy into chemical energy (food) |
| chemosynthesis | when producers convert chemical energy from hydrothermal vents (deep earth) into food |
| cellular respiration | when organisms use oxygen and food to make energy to grow |
| keystone species | Species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically |
| invasive species | species this is not native to a specific location, and which has a tendency to spread and cause damage to the environment, human economy, or human health. |
| trophic cascade | when changes in one level of a food chain have an effect on a different level of the food chain |
| trophic level | each step of a food chain |
| biomagnification | when the concentration of a toxin increases as you move higher up a food chain |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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