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B4 Glossary AW
Glossary of Key Words for B4 It's a Green World
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | In active transport, cells use energy to transport substances through cell membranes against a concentration gradient. |
| Biodiversity | Range of living organisms in a habitat. |
| Biofuels | Fuels made from plants-these can be burned in power stations. |
| Biological control | A natural predator is released to reduce the number of pests infesting a crop. |
| Carotene | Plant pigment involved in photosynthesis. |
| Chlorophyll | Pigment found in plants which is used in photosynthesis (gives plants their green colour). |
| Chloroplast | a cell structure found in green plants that contains chlorophyll. |
| Clone | Genetically identical copy. |
| Community | All the plants and animals living in an ecosystem, e.g. a garden. |
| Compost | Dead and decaying plant material. |
| Concentration | The amount of chemical dissolved in a certain volume of solution. |
| Crenation | When red blood cells shrink in concentrated solutions, they look partly deflated. |
| Crop rotation | System of growing crops in sequence. |
| Crop sprayer | Charges fertiliser, pesticides etc. to give wider, even rotation. |
| Decay | To rot. |
| Deciduous | Type of tree that loses its leaves in winter. |
| Decomposer | An organism that breaks down dead organic matter. |
| Detritivore | An organism that eats dead material, e.g. an earthworm. |
| Detritus | The dead and semi-decayed remains of living things. |
| Diffuse | When particles diffuse they spread out. |
| Ecosystem | An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.(Wikipedia) |
| Environment | The surroundings of an object. |
| Fertiliser | Chemical put on soil to increase fertility and allow better growth of crop plants. |
| Fungicide | Chemical used to kill fungi. |
| Greenhouse gas | Any of the gases whose absorption of solar radiation is responsible for the greenhouse effect, e.g. carbon dioxide, methane. |
| Habitat | Where an organism lives, e.g. the worm’s habitat is the soil. |
| Herbicide | Chemical used to kill weeds. |
| Hydrophonics | Growing plants in mineral solutions without the need for soil. |
| Inbreeding | Breeding closely related animals. |
| Insecticide | A chemical that can kill an insect. |
| Intensive farming | Farming that uses a lot of artificial fertilisers and energy to produce a high yield per farm worker. |
| Kite diagram | Method of displaying results from a transect line. |
| Lysis | To split apart. |
| Meristem | Tips of roots and shoots where cell division and elongation takes place. |
| Microbes | Tiny microscopic organisms. |
| Minerals | Natural solid materials with a fixed chemical composition and structure, rocks are made of collections of minerals; mineral nutrients in our diet are things like calcium and iron, they are simple chemicals needed for health. |
| Mitochondria | Structures in a cell where respiration takes place. |
| Multicellular organism | Organisms made up of many specialised cells. |
| Nitrate residue | Unwanted residues sometimes found in water contaminated by farm run-off. |
| Organic food | Food produced by organic farming using no artificial fertilisers or pesticides. |
| Osmosis | When solutions of different concentrations are separated by a partially-permeable membrane, water molecules pass through the membrane moving from the dilute solution to the more concentrated one to reduce the difference. |
| Palisade cells | Tightly packed together cells found on the upper side of a leaf. |
| Partially permeable membrane | A membrane that allows some small particles to pass through but not larger molecules. |
| Pesticide residue | Unwanted residues sometimes found in water contaminated by local pesticide use. |
| Phloem | Specialised transporting cells which form tubules in plants to carry sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant. |
| Photosynthesis | Process carried out by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose and oxygen. |
| Plantlets | Small plants formed by strawberries during asexual reproduction. |
| Plasmolysis | The shrinking of a plant cell due to loss of water, the cell membrane pull away. |
| Pollutants | Unwanted residues that can sometimes cause damage. |
| Pollute | Contaminate or destroy the environment. |
| Population | Group of organisms of the same species. |
| Respiration | Process occurring in living things where oxygen is used to release the energy in foods. |
| Ribosome | Structures in a cell where protein synthesis takes place. |
| Saprophyte | An organism that breaks down dead organic matter, usually used to refer to fungi. |
| Selective breeding | Process of breeding organisms with the desired characteristics. |
| Spongy mesophyll cells | Found in the middle of a leaf with an irregular shape and large air spaces between them. |
| Sterilise | Killing all the organisms in and area, usually used to mean killing micro-organisms. |
| Stomata (singular stoma) | Small holes in the surface of leaves which allow gases in and out of leaves. |
| Tissue culture | Process that uses small sections of tissue to clone plants. |
| Toxic | A toxic substance is one which is poisonous, e.g. toxic waste. |
| Transect | Line across an area to sample organisms. |
| Turgid | Plant cells which are full of water with their walls bowed out and pushing against neighbouring cells. |
| Turgor pressure | The pressure exerted on the cell membrane by the cell wall when the cell is fully inflated. |
| Unicellular organisms | Organisms made of only one cell. |
| Vascular bundle | Group of xylem and phloem cells. |
| Xanthophylls | Plant pigments involved in photosynthesis. |
| Xylem | Cells specialised for transporting water through a plant; xylem cells have thick walls, no cytoplasm and are dead, their end wall breaks down and they form a continuous tube. |
Created by:
Brimsham
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