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B2 Glossary AW
Glossary of key words for B2- Understanding our Environment.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | Features that organisms have to help them survive in their environment. |
| Algal bloom | A thick mat of algae near the surface of water which stops sunlight getting through. |
| Amphibians | Animals with a moist permeable skin. |
| Binomial system | The scientific way of naming an organism. |
| Bidegradable | A biodegradable material can be broken down by micro-organisms. |
| Biomass | Waste wood and other natural materials which are burned in power stations. |
| Birds | Animals that have feathers. |
| Captive breeding | Breeding a species in zoos to maintain the wild population. |
| Carbon cycle | A natural cycle through which carbon moves by respiration, photosynthesis, and combustion in the form of carbon dioxide. |
| Carbon dioxide | Gas present in the atmosphere at a low percentage but important in respiration, photosynthesis and combustion. |
| Carbon footprint | The total amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person in a given time. |
| Carnivore | An animal that eats other animals. |
| Conservation | A way of protecting a species or environment. |
| Consumer | Organism in a food chain that gets its energy from eating food. |
| Cyclic fluctuation | The rise and fall of a population. |
| Decay | To rot. |
| Decomposer | Organisms that break down dead animals or plants. |
| Deforestation | Removal of large area of trees. |
| Denitrifying-bacteria | Bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. |
| Diet | What a person eats. |
| Ecological niche | The role of an organism within an ecosystem. |
| Egestion | The way an animal gets rid of undigested food waste called faeces. |
| Endangered | A species where the numbers are so low they could become extinct. |
| Eutrophication | When waterways become too rich with nutrients (from fertilisers) which allows algae to grow wildly and use up all the oxygen. |
| Evolution | The gradual change of in organisms over millions of years caused by random mutations and natural selection. |
| Excretion | The process of getting rid of waste from the body. |
| Exponential growth | The ever increasing growth of the human population. |
| Extinct | When all members of a species have died out. |
| Finite resource | Resources such as oil which will eventually run out. |
| Fish | Animals with scales and gills. |
| Food | Part of out diet that provides energy. |
| Habitat | The place where an organism lives. |
| Herbivore | Animals that eat plants. |
| Hybrid | The infertile offspring produced when two animals of different species breed. |
| Indicator species | Organisms used to measure the level of pollution in water or air. |
| Invertebrate | Animal without a backbone. |
| Legume | A plant that has bacteria inside root nodules that provide the plant with nitrates. |
| Mammal | Animals that have fur and produce milk for their young. |
| Microbe | Very small organism (living thing) which can only be viewed through a microscope- also known as a micr-organism. |
| Micro-organism | Very small organism (living thing) which can only be viewed through a microscope- also known as a microbe. |
| Mutation | Where the DNA within cells have been altered (this happens in cancer). |
| Mutualism | A relationship in which both organisms benefit. |
| Natural selection | Process by which “good” characteristics that can be passed on in genes become more common in a population over many generations (“good” characteristics mean that the organism has an advantage which makes it more likely to survie). |
| Nitrifying-bacteria | Bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrates. |
| Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | Bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrates. |
| Nitrogenous fertiliser | A fertiliser which contains a nitrogen compound. |
| Omnivore | Animal that eats plants and other animals. |
| Parasite | Organism which lives on (or inside) the body of another organism. |
| Photosynthesis | Process carried out where carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose and oxygen. |
| Phototropism | A plant’s growth response to light. |
| Pollination | The process of transferring pollen from one plant to another. |
| Population | The number of one species in a habitat. |
| Predator | Animal which preys on (and eats) another animal. |
| Prey | Animals which are eaten by predators. |
| Producers | Organisms in a food chain that make food using sunlight. |
| Recycle | To reuse materials. |
| Reptile | Cold blooded vertebrates having an external covering of scales or horny plates. |
| Respiration | Process occurring in living things where oxygen is used to release the energy in foods. |
| Species | Basic category of biological classification, composed of individuals that resemble one another, can breed amongst themselves, but cannot breed with members of another species. |
| Sustainable development | Managing a resource so that it does not run out. |
| Trophic level | The stages in a food chain. |
| Variation | The differences between individuals (because we all have slight variation in our genes). |
| Vegan | A type of diet/a person who does not eat animals or animal products. |
| Vegetarian | A type of diet/a person who does not eat meat or fish. |
| Vertebrate | Animal with a backbone. |
Created by:
Brimsham
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