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bio 12
digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | taking in nutrients needed across membranes |
| accessory glands | glands that food does not directly pass through but are involved directly in digestion |
| acid chyme | a mizture of food, water, and gastric juice |
| anus | outlet of the digestive tube |
| appendix | a finger like projection from cecum in large intestine involved in immune system |
| bile | contains bile salts to aid in emulsification of fats, it is stored in the gallbladder |
| bolus | the food ball the tongue forms for swallowing |
| capillaries | microscopic vessels that carry blood where nutrients and gasses are exchanged |
| cardiac sphincter | a ring of muscle located at top of stomach and prevents acid from going up to the esophagus |
| columnar cells | pillar shaped cells that line the digestive tract designed for absorption |
| colon | the large intestine |
| digestion | the physical and chemical break down of food for the body |
| duodenum | the first part of small intestine where the bile duct and pancreatic duct enter |
| E. coli bacteria | useful inhabitants of human colon that help break down undigested food, and produce gas, vitamins, and growth factors |
| elimination | getting rid of undigested waste |
| emulsifies | keeps fat in suspension by breaking fat globs into tiny droplets |
| epiglottis | a flap that covers the trachea when swallowing prevents food from entering the trachea |
| esophagus | tube that conducts food from pharynx down to stomach |
| fatty acid | a long carbon atom chain with an acid group at one end one of the building blocks of fat |
| gall bladder | a sack under the liver that stores and concentrates bile |
| gastric juice | an acidic digestive fluid in the stomach with a pH of 2-3, used to convert pepsinogen to pepsin |
| glucagon | a hormone made by the pancreas that causes glycogen in the liver to release glucose and increase blood sugar |
| gluconeogenesis | process that converts amino acids into sugars in the liver |
| glycerol | a 3 carbon molecule the building block of fat three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecule to form a neutral fat |
| glycogen | a 3 carbon molecule the building block of fat three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecule to form a neutral fat a storage for glucose in the liver and muscles |
| growth factors | a protein that is present for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells |
| hemoglobin | iron containing pegment that combines with and transports oxygen around the body |
| hydrochloric acid | acid that is found in gastric juice in stomach |
| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas to decrease blood sugar by increasing the uptake of glucose through a cell membrane |
| islets of langerhans | the cells in pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon |
| lacteals | lymph vessels in villus of intestine wall of mammals that absorbs fat |
Created by:
blair heppner
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