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Eilidh
Higher Biology Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the growth points in plants called | Meristems |
| Where are meristems located | Shoot tip, root tip and lateral (cambium) |
| How are annual rings formed | Spring cells big, Summer and Autumn cells smaller and so appear as a line |
| What species have extensive regenerative abilities | Angiosperms |
| When are the two growth spurts in humans | Infant and puberty |
| Explain the growth curve of a locust | Insects possess a hard inelastic outer skin called an exoskeleton which prevents continuous increase in body size. This skin must be periodically shed to allow growth to occur. |
| What does the regulator gene produce | Repressor molecule |
| What does the repressor molecule normally bind to | Operator gene |
| What does the operator gene control | The activity of the Structural gene |
| What is the inducer molecule and what does it bind to? | Inducer = lactose and it binds to the repressor molecule |
| What advantage does E.coli get from the Lac Operon | Resources are not wasted |
| How do genes control characteristics | Through the production of PROTEINS |
| What must PKU sufferers avoid in their diet | Phenylalanine |
| Why does this condition only affect children after birth | When in the womb XS phenylalanine diffuses into the mothers blood. |
| What is cell differentiation | When cells become specialised for certain functions |
| How is differentiation brought about | By different genes being switched on (remember all cells have the same genes) |
| Name the pituitary hormone that promotes growth | Growth Hormone |
| Name the pituitary hormone that promotes the production of Thyroxine | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
| What is the role of Thyroxine | Thyroxine promotes metabolism (energy consumption) of cells |
| What effect does IAA have on cells? | Promotes cell division AND cell elongation |
| What protein do Albinos fail to produce | Melanin |
| How does IAA travel short distances in plants | Diffusion |
| How does IAA travel long distances in plants | In Phloem |
| What condition arises from under production of GH | Dwarfism |
| What condition arises from over production of GH | Giantism |
| What condition arises from over production of GH after growth has finished | Acromegaly |
| Name 4 events that occur at the organ level through the action of IAA | Apical dominance, Leaf Abscission, Fruit formation, Phototropism. |
| Name a commercial use of IAA | Weedkiller or producing seedless fruit or rooting powders |
| Name 3 roles of GA | Reversing dwarfism, seed dormancy and bud dormacy |
| What seed structure produces GA | Embryo |
| What seed structure produces Amylase | Aleurone layer |
| What is Amylase's Substrate and Product | Starch to maltose |
| What part of the plant does GA work on to reverse dwarfism | internodes |
| What do cells need Nitrogen for? | Production of amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| What do cells need Phosphorous for | ATP production and Nucleic acid production |
| What do cells nedd potassium for | Transport of materials across membranes |
| What do plant cells need magnesium for | Production of Chlorophyll |
| What do animal cells need Iron for | The production of Haemoglobin and Cytochrome |
| What do animal cells need Calcium for | Strong bones and teeth, clotting of blood and muscle contraction. |
| What are symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency in plants | Reduced leaf growth, Yellow leaves, Red leaf bases and Long Roots |
| What are symptoms of Phosphorous deficiency in plants | Reduced leaf growth, Red leaf bases |
| What are symptoms of Potassium deficiency in plants | Reduced leaf growth |
| What are symptoms of Magnesium deficiency in plants | Reduced leaf growth, Yellow leaves |
| What effect does Lead have on enzymes | Inhibits them (Catachol oxidase) |
| Why is Vitamin D important in the diet | Needed to absorb Calcium |
| What condition is associated with Vitamin D deficiency | Rickets |
| What drug causes limb malformation | Thalidomide |
| What effect does alcohol have on babies development | Reduced growth and mental function |
| What effect does nicotine have on babies development | Reduced growth and mental function |
| What effect does LACK of light have on stem growth | Long and skinny (etiolated) |
| What gland produces ADH | Pituitary gland |
| What gland produces Thyroxine | Thyroid gland |
| What gland produces Glucagon | Pancreas |
| What gland produces Insulin | Pancreas |
| What gland produces Adrenaline | Adrenal gland |
| Where does ADH have its effect | Collecting duct |
| What effect does ADH have on the collecting duct | Increases its permeability to water (more water leaks back into the body from urine) |
| What effect does drinking water have on ADH production | Reduces its production |
| Define negative feedback | A corrective mechanism where the response is in the opposite direction to the change detected. |
| What is glucose stored as in animals | Glycogen |
| What hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the liver | Insulin |
| What hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver | Glucagon |
| What effect does adrenalin have on blood sugar | Same as Glucagon |
| Where is temperature monitored in the body | Hypothalamus |
| What effect does cold have on skin blood arterioles | Vasoconstrict |
| When do skin blood arterioles vasodilate | When too hot |
| What is an endotherm | An organism that generates its own hreat through metabolism |
| Density-dependent factors are... | Disease, food availability, Parasitism, Predation |
| What is the carrying capacity? | The maximum number og organisms that an area can support |
| What factors regulate optimum population size | Both density-dependent and independent factors |
| What is the relationshipbetween predaotor and prey population sizes? | 1. Predator population is always smaller than prey. 2. Any change in the prey poulation size is slightly later copied by the predator population. |
| What are the 4 reasons for monitoring wild populations | 1. Management of food species and raw materials, 2. Control pest Species, 3. Assessment of pollution using indicator species, 4. Protection & Conservation of endangered species |
| What effect does succession have on Biodiversity | Increases it |
| What effect does succession have on Biomass | Increases it |
| What effect does Succession have on Food web complexity | increases it |
| Give an example of a pioneer community | Lichens |
| What is the last and biggest organism in the process of succession called | The climax community |
| What causes PKU | A gene mutation |
Created by:
nscobie
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