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Gullett-Bio-Unit9
Bio-Unit9-Classification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| taxonomy | the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
| taxon | any named taxonomic group of any rank in the hierachical classification of organisms; for example, family, genus, or species |
| binomial nomenclature | a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name |
| genus | the level of classification that comes after family and that contains similiar species |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group |
| cladistics | a phylogenic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa |
| cladogram | a diagram that is based on patterns of shared derived traits that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms. |
| derived character | a feature that evolved only within a particular taxonomic group |
| Bacteria | extremely small, single-celled organisms that usually ave a cell wall and that usually reproduce by binary fission |
| Archaea | prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall |
| Eukarya | one of the three domains of life, contains all eukaryotes in kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia |
| virus | a nonliving, infectious particle composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat; it can invade and destroy a cell |
| pathogen | a living organism or nonliving particle that causes an infectious disease |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| lytic infection | infectious pathway of a virus in which the host cells are destroyed |
| lysogenic infection | infectious pathway of a virus in which the host cells are not immediately destroyed and the nucleic acid is incorporated into the host cell genome |
| vaccine | a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| plasmid | a genetic structure unique to prokaryotes that can replicate independently of the main chromosome(s) of a cell; usually, a circular DNA molecule. |
| bioremediation | the biological treatment of hazardous waste by natural or genetically engineerd microorganisms |
| toxin | a substance that is produced by one organism and that is poisonous to other organisms |
| antibiotic | a substance that can inhibit the growth of or kill some microorganisms, specifically bacteria |
Created by:
lpgullett
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