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Replication Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 5 prime carbon | The Carbon that is attached to the sugar molecule of RNA and DNA |
| 3 prime carbon | The numbered carbon of the sugar molecule that attaches to the phosphate group of joining nucleotides. |
| Phosphate group | PO4, part of the DNA backbone. Bonds with the 3' end of the neighboring nucleotide |
| Sugar | The carbon ring that helps to create the backbone of the DNA and RNA. DNA=deoxyribose, RNA = Ribose |
| Base | Nitrogen bases, are part of the DNA/RNA molecules that hold the two strands together. The rungs of the ladder Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine =DNA Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine = RNA |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of DNA, Nucleotides contain the sugar, phosphate and the nitrogen base |
| Anti-parallel strands | our double stranded DNA runs in opposite directions. One strand runs 3' to 5' while the other strand runs in the opposite direction, 5' to 3' |
| Template strand | base pairing allows each strand to serve as a template for a new strand |
| Semi-conservative | at the end of replication, each double stranded double helix strand consists of one parent template and one new strand of DNA |
| helicase | enzyme that unwinds the DNA for replication to start |
| Single-stranded binding proteins | protein units that stabilize the DNA molecule once helicase unwinds it. |
| replication fork | Replication occurs in both directions, as a new strand is formed, the helicase continues to unwind the DNA creating forks |
| DNA polymerase III | enzyme required for replication to occur. builds the new strand of DNA using complementary base pairs. |
| nucleosides | nucleotides come with their own energy allowing nucleotides to bond to the 3' end of the growing strand. GTP=guanine triphosphate, CTP cytosine triphosphate, ATP=adenine triphosphate, TTP= tyrosine triphosphate |
| leading strand | replication is continuous on the leading strand |
| lagging strand | form okazaki fragments form because nucleotides can ONLY add to the 3' end of the growing strand. Because they are anti-parallel one strand is read continuously while the lagging strand must be read in fragments. |
| ligase | Enzyme that fixes the okazaki fragments by attaching (welding) the fragments together |
| RNA primer | serves as a starter sequence for RNA Polymerase III to build on |
| Primase | enzyme that starts building RNA primer so that replication can start. (DNA MUST have a 3' end to attach nucleotides to. RNA primer provides a 3' end) |
| DNA Polymerase I | removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides |
Created by:
cwiest
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