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Genetics
Chapter 10
Term | Definition |
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Genetics | scientific study of heredity |
Fertilization | process of diffusion in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
True-Breeding | having two identical alleles for a particular gene (same as homozygous) |
Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | sex cell |
Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | an allele that hides the presence of another allele |
Recessive | an allele that is hidden by the presence of another allele |
Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnet Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
Sex-Linked Trait | gene located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | a carrier of the gene; disease is not shown but can be passed to next generation |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |