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Genetics
Ch 10 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | study of heredity |
Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
True-Breeding (Pure) | same as homozygous |
Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | sex cells |
Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | an allele that hides recessive alleles |
Recessive | an allele that is hidden by dominant alleles |
Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
Sex-linked Trait | gene located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | you carry the gene but you don't have the disease |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |