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Genetics
Ch 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | Study of Heredity |
Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | Specific characteristic of an individual |
True-Breeding (Pure) | Self pollinates, they produce offspring identical to themselves (same as homozygous) |
Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | Sex Cell |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles fora particular gene |
Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | An allele that hides the presence of another allele |
Recessive | An allele that is hidden by the presence of another allele |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
Sex-linked Trait (Gene) | gene located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | a carrier of the gene, disease is not shown but can be passes to next generation |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, also called autosomal chromosome |