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Genetics
Ch 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | The study of heredity |
| Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
| True-Breeding (Pure) | same as homozygous |
| Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Independent Assortment | 1 off mendel's principals that states that genes for diff. traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Gametes | sex cells |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Dominant | an organism that possesses the dominant gene |
| Recessive | An organism that possesses the dominant gene |
| Allele | One of a different number of a gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominate over another |
| Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed. |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. |
| Multiple Allele Trait | gene that has more than two alleles |
| Polygenic Trait | a trait controlled by two or more genes |
| sex-linked trait | The gene that's causing a disorder is on the X Chromosome. |
| Carrier | an individual carrying a injured gene |
| Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |