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Genetics
Term | Definition |
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Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction where male and female cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | specific characteristics of an individual |
True Breeding | same as homozygous having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | one of Mendels principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | sex cells |
Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | the trait that is the most likely to show up |
Recessive | will only show if there is now dominant trait |
Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotype's produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic square |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
X-Linked Trait | gene located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | carries the disease but does not have it |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |