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Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | Study of Heredity |
Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | Specific Characteristic of an individual |
True-Breeding (Pure) | A kind of breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype. |
Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Separation of Alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | Sex Cells |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | Having two different Alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | Evidence; information gathered from observations |
Recessive | A recessive allele or trait |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | Hormone produced by the thyroid that reduces blood calcium levels |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the phenotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
X-linked Trait | On the x chromosome. Linked in genetics does not mean merely associated. An x-linked gene travels with the x chromosome and therefore is part of the x chromosome. |
Carrier | An organism possessing a recessive gene for a trait, hence, not expressing the trait. |
Autosome | Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |