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Biology Chapter 12
Biology Chapter 12 Section 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
carrier | in biology, an individual who has one copy of a recessive autosomal allele that causes disease in the homozygous condition |
genetic disorder | an inherited disease or disorder that is caused by a mutation in a gene or by a chromosomal defect |
polygenic | a characteristic of an organism that is determined by many genes |
complex character | characters that are influenced strongly both by the environment and by genes |
multiple allele | more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait |
codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
incomplete dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
sex-influenced trait | an autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones |
Huntington's disease | a rare hereditary disease of the brain characterized by involuntary movements of the limbs or face, decreasing mental abilities, and eventual death |
amniocentesis | a procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus of the pregnant woman |
chorionic villi sampling | a procedure in which the chorionic villi to are analyzed to diagnose fetal genotypes |
genetic counseling | the process of testing and informing potential parents about their genetic makeup and the likelihood that they will have offspring with genetic defects or hereditary diseases |
gene therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |