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Mitosis and Meiosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| G1 | Growth, making of new proteins and organelles are synthesized. |
| S | Chromosomes replicated and DNA made. |
| G2 | Organelles and molecules for cell division made. |
| Diploid | Cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes.(2N) |
| Haploid | Cell that contains one set of chromosomes (N) |
| Homologous pair | A pair of chromosomes where one comes from each parent. |
| Tetrad | Structure containing 4 chromatids. |
| Crossing over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of chromatids. |
| Meiosis | Process that creates gametes by separating two the sets of genes... each gamete has one set (haploid) |
| Metaphase I | Tetrads line up at the equator, spindle fibers attach to centromeres of tetrad |
| Telophase II/cytokinesis | Daughter cells divide forming 4 haploid cells. |
| Prophase I | Synapsis occurs, crossing over occurs, centrioles move to opposite poles. |
| Anaphase II | Sister chromatids separate |
| Anaphase I | Homologous pairs separate. |
| Telophase I/ cytokinesis | Two daughter cells are created |
| Metaphase II | Chromosomes line up along the equator, not in homologous pairs. |
| Gene | An area on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| Chromosome | Is made of DNA, it is condensed genetic material. |
| Interphase | Cell grows and replicates its DNA and Centrioles. Genetic material in form of chromatin. |
| Prophase | Chromosomes are visible, each chromosome consists of two chromatids. |
| Metaphase | Chromosome line up at the center of the cell. |
| Anaphase | Sister chromatids separates into individual chromosomes |
| Telophase | Nuclear envelope reforms and two daughter cells form. |
| Centromere | Each pair of chromatids is attached in this area. |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm |
| Interphase | The "in-between" period of cell growth |
| Cell Cycle | Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| Cancer | Disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. |
| Polar Bodies | Cells produced in females that do not participate in reproduction. |