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Ch. 16
Evolution Part 2 (Still wondering...)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To what amount do the relative gene pool frequencies always add? | 100% |
| What type of selection is represented if every baby born weighed less than 5 pounds and more than 10 pounds? | disruptive selection |
| What can vary becasue each has a unique number and sequence of amino acids? | proteins |
| Which type of genetic drift occurs from smaller groups inhabiting a new habitat? | Founder effect |
| Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide | nitrogen bases, phosphate groups, deoxyribose |
| Which part of the cell contains coded instructions for making proteins | nucleus |
| What are the building blocks of RNA molecules? | nucleotide |
| When Mendel crosssed true-breeding tall with true-breeding short, why were all of the offspring tall? | dominance |
| According to Darwin's theory of evolution, those that survive are what? | fit |
| What are the two sources of genetic variation? | mutations,crossing over (gene shuffle) |
| Which type of cell contains a nucleus? | |
| What does natural selection affect? | traits |
| What is the separation of populations by a physical barrier caled? | geographic isolation |
| What is the final step in the formation of a new species | reproductive isolation |
| What is it called when alleles change by chance? | genetic drift |
| What was the driving force behind teh evolution of the Galapagos finches? | available food |
| how does a lethal recessive allele remain in a population? | heterozygotes |
| Which organelle is found in plants but not animal cells? | chloroplast |
| If a new trait such as skin color is introduced into a population, what determines whether that trait remains? | whether it increases fitness |
| According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, organisms must survive and? | |
| If an organism's diploid number is 10, what is its haploid number? | 5 |
| If you cross the following, how many different phenotypes will be found in the offspring: RrYY X RrYy | D/d. r/d |
| Two tall heterozygotes produce a short offspring. Whic of Mendel's laws explains how this happens? | dominance & segregation |
| Where are proteins assembled | Ribosomes |
| Why does a virus need a host to survive | can't reproduce on its own |
| What is the most common cause of gentic variation? | mutations |
| What is the most important characteristic of a population that will ensure its survival during episodic speciation? | biodiversity |
| Identify the mRNA prduced from the following DNA: GACTTGAC | CUGAACUG |
| Identify the replicated DNA that results from the following DNA strand: GACTTGAC | GACTTGAC |
| Which two scientists were the main contributors to evolution? | Charles Darwin, and Gregor Mendel |
| How are polygenic traits shown? | in a bell curve |
| How are single gene traits shown | on a bar graph |
| All of the alleles in a population is called a what? | gene pool |
| What is relative frequency of an allele | # of times you see an allele |
| What is a mutation? | change in DNA |
| What is gene shuffling? | crossing over |
| What is a polygenic trait? | controlled by many genes |
| What are the three types of polygenic selection | Directional, disruptive, stabilizing |
| What is directional selection? | individuals at one end have higher fitness, curve shifts to one end |
| What is diruptive selection? | individuals at both ends of the graph |
| What is stabiliaing selectiong | Individuals with fitness are in the middle of the graph. |
| What is genetic drift? | Random change in allele frequencies |
| What are the causes of genetic drift? | founder effect and individuals having more descendants |
| What is the bottleneck | |
| How does a population bottleneck occur? | founder effect human hunting to near extinction |
| What is the hardy-weinberg Principle? | genetic equilibrium without the influence of evolution |
| What are three conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium | large population, random mating, no mutations |
| What is genetic equilibrium? | when allele frequencies are kept constant |
| What is speciateion | evolution of a new species from a single ancestor |
| What is a species? | a group of similar organisms structurally and biochemically |
| Organism from the same species | can intrebreed successfully in nature |
| What is divergent evolution | isolated species evolve independently |
| What is convergent evolution | similar environment-similar adaptation |
| Whjat woud have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated form other subpecies of giraffes | chromosome number because it is not a factor that influences natural selection |
| What is mass extinction | a sharp decrease in number of species in a short times |
| What is biodiversity | variety and abundance of a species in a community |
| Biodiversity ensures species survival |
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3j0mk1
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