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Chapter 17
Arthropods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| exoskeleton | A system of external plates that protect and support. Usually three layers thick Main component is chitin, which provides toughness and flexibility |
| molt | To shed an exoskeleton, scales, feathers, etc in order for an organism to grow. |
| thorax | The body region between the head and the abdomen |
| cephalothorax | A body region in some arthropods consisting of a fused head and thorax |
| abdomen | body region posterior to the thorax |
| compound eye | an eye composed of many individual lenses |
| simple eye | an eye with only one lens |
| carapace | The portion of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax in some arthropods |
| swimmeret | one of the small appendages on some crustaceans that is used for swimming and reproduction |
| gills | a respiratory structure in aquatic organisms through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged (used by crustaceans for respiration) |
| chelicera | the first pair of appendages in arachnids; used for feeding; poisonous fangs in certain spiders |
| pedipalp | the second pair of arachnid appendages; used for sensory perception |
| spinneret | an organ in spiders and some insects that spin webs from the secretions of silk glands |
| book lung | the plate-like respiratory structure found in arachnids |
| trachea | a tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi |
| statocyst | an organ of equilibrium in crustaceans |
| 5 common characteristics of all arthropods | jointed appendages, body segmentation (3 segments: head, thorax, abdomen), open circulatory system, ventral nervous system, exoskeleton |
| Can crayfish regenerate? | Only to replace lost appendages |
| blood flow in the crayfish | pericaridial sinus > heart >dorsal blood vessel > dumps into the body cavity > recollects in the sternal sinus > gills > green glands > back to pericardial sinus |
| green glands | an organ that excretes wastes in some crustaceans |
| poisonous spiders in the US | black widow, brown recluse |
| two types of venom | neurotoxin (affects nervous system), hemotoxin (affects circulatory system) |
| mandible | a paired chewing mouthpart found in insects and some other arthropods |
| spiracle | one of the small pores in an insect's body that function in breathing |
| malpighian tubule | one of numerous threadlike tubules in insects that extracts wastes from the blood and empties them into the intestine |
| pheromone | a chemical released by an animal which influences the behavior of another animal of the same species |
| complete metamorphosis | a common type of insect development; has four stages-egg, larva, pupa, adult |
| incomplete metamorphosis | a type of insect development in which eggs hatch into nymphs that eventually grow into adults. Three stages: egg, nymph, adult |
| naiad | an aquatic insect nymph that possesses gills |
| chrysalis | a protective case found in the pupal stage of metamorphosis of some insects, especially lepidopterans |
| caste | among social insects, one of the groups in a colony that performs a particular function |
| insecticide | a chemical or agent that destroys insects |
| tympanum | tympanic membrane of some insects (allows for hearing sounds) |
| ptera | means "wing". suffix on many orders of insects |
| orders of insects | O. Orthoptera: grasshoppers, crickets O. Odonata: dragonflies, damselflies O. Coleoptera: beetles O. Lepidoptera: butterflies, moths O. Hymenoptera: bees, ants, wasps O. Diptera: flies, mosquitoes, gnats |
Created by:
marlynp
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