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9 wk Test Review
Genetics and Evolution
definition | term |
---|---|
The process through which species change over time | Evolution |
Evidence of evolution includes | DNA sequence, fossil record, and anatomical evidence. |
Structures that are similar in related organisms which were inherited from a common ancestor | Homologous Structures |
An example of analogous structures are | The wings of butterflies and birds |
An example of a vestigial structure is the | human tail bone |
The study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species | Comparative embyology |
What are preserved traces or remains of living organisms for the past | Fossils |
How fossils support the theory of common ancestry | We can see progressive change in organisms |
Structures on an organism are degenerated and, or are nonfunctional structures | Vestigial Structures |
Structure that is the same in function but different in structure, and evolved independently | Analogous Structures |
Evidence of evelotion that has similar stretch of genetic material and/or proteins between different organisms | Molecular homologies |
This is the study of the distribution of species, organisms, and ecosystems through geological time | Biogeography |
Different forms of genes for a single trait | Alleles |
Gene that is always expressed | Dominant |
Genotypes made of two different alleles, such as Dd | Heterozygous |
Genotypes made of the same alleles, such as AA, or bb | Homozygous |
Gene that is expressed only in a homozygous state, such as ee | Recessive |
A physical trait that can be seen | Phenotype |
Scientific study of heredity | Genetics |
Specialized type of cell division in which four haploid (n) gametes, daughter cells, are formed form one diploid (2n) cell. This increase genetic diversity | Meiosis |
A random exchange of chromosome segments. By mixing up the genes on the chromosomes, genetic variation increases. | Crossing over |