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Apologia Biology 11
Apologia Biology Module # 11
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Invertebrates | Animals that lack a backbone |
vertebrates | Animals that possess a backbone |
Spherical symmetry | an organism possess spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center |
Radial Symmetry | an organism possess radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center |
Bilateral Symmetry | an organism possess bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves |
epidermis | an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection |
mesenchyme | the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge |
collar cells | flagellated cells that push water through a sponge |
amoebocytes | cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals |
gemmule | a cluster of cells encased ina a hard, spicule-reinforced shell |
polyp | the sessile, tubuluar form of cnidarians with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other |
medusa | a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell shaped body and tentacles |
epithelium | animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other surface |
mesoglea | the jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian |
nematocysts | small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators |
testes | organs that produce sperm |
ovaries | organs that produce eggs |
anterior end | the end of an animal that contains its head |
posterior end | the end of an animal that contains its tail |
circulatory system | a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body |
nervous system | a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste |
ganglia | masses of nerve cell bodies |
hermaphroditic | possessing both the male and female reproductive organs |