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BIO 12-MOD1/1.2D
Lesson 1.2D Vocabulary Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| amino acids | has a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), an acidic group (–COOH), and an R group, so named because it is the remainder of the molecule |
| enzyme | a biological catalyst that speeds up the chemical reactions that occur in the body; does this by lowering the activation energy required for each chemical reaction |
| hormones | a chemical messenger that travels through the body and influences cell functions, such as metabolism, growth and development, and homeostasis |
| peptide bond | (C-N) covalent bonds that join two amino acids |
| plasma | the liquid portion of the blood; mainly consists of water; 7% to 8% of plasma consists of proteins |
| primary proteins | a linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (C-N) that formed by dehydration synthesis |
| primary structure | it is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry) |
| proteins | polymers with amino acid monomers; include all antibodies, enzymes, most hormones, and much of structural support in the tissues of our bodies; structure consists of polymers made from the twenty different amino acids found in cells |
| quaternary structure | it s the arrangement of multiple folded protein or coiling protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex |
| quaternary proteins | made of two or more tertiary proteins joined together |
| R-group | Amino acids have a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), and acidic group (–COOH), and an R group. The R group is so named because it makes up the remainder of the molecule. |
| secondary proteins | looks like a primary protein coiled into a slinky |
| tertiary structure | refers to a protein's geometric shape. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures, the protein domains. Amino acid side chains may interact and bond in a number of ways. |
| tertiary proteins | a three-dimensional structure created by a secondary protein that has folded back upon itself |
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