A reaction which releases energy and breaks down molecules.

Electron transport chain

The final stage of respiration where high energy electrons and hydrogen ions are used to synthesise ATP.

The energy-carrying molecule used in cells because it can release energy very quickly.

The first enzyme of a metabolic pathway is inhibited by the reversible binding of the final product of the pathway.

A type of respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen.

A molecule formed during glycolysis which, when oxygen is present, enters the matrix of the mitochondrion to start the citric acid cycle.

A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.

A reaction which requires energy and builds up molecules.

Non-competitive inhibition

A molecule binds to part of the enzyme away from the active site, and causes a change in shape of the active site of the enzyme, thereby inhibiting the binding of the appropriate substrate molecule.

A low energy molecule that forms ATP when a phosphate molecule is added.

The addition of a phosphate group.

An enzyme which removes hydrogen ions and electrons from substrates

Combines with acetyl coenzyme A to form citrate during the citric acid cycle.

Competitive inhibition

Occurs when an inhibitor, resembling the structure of the substrate, binds to the active site of the enzyme and blocks the binding of the substrate

An alternative to NAD. A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

A slight change in shape (a squeeze) of the active site of the enzyme that allows the substrate to fit perfectly

Formed during the citric acid cycle when oxaloacetate combines with acetyl coenzyme.

Energy investment phase

The first phase of glycolysis where 2 molecules of ATP are required.

The first stage of respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

Pyruvate is converted to this molecule during fermentation/anaerobic respiration.

Matrix of mitrochondrion

The specific area of a mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle takes place.

The last phase of glycolysis where 4 molecules of ATP are produced.

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration that takes place without oxygen. Also known as fermentation.

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CfE Higher 7-9

CfE Higher Vocab - Topic 7 (Sequencing), 8 (Pathway control) & 9 (Respiration)

Term	Definition
Catabolic	A reaction which releases energy and breaks down molecules.
Electron transport chain	The final stage of respiration where high energy electrons and hydrogen ions are used to synthesise ATP.
ATP	The energy-carrying molecule used in cells because it can release energy very quickly.
Feedback inhibition	The first enzyme of a metabolic pathway is inhibited by the reversible binding of the final product of the pathway.
Fermentation	A type of respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Pyruvate	A molecule formed during glycolysis which, when oxygen is present, enters the matrix of the mitochondrion to start the citric acid cycle.
NAD	A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.
Anabolic	A reaction which requires energy and builds up molecules.
Non-competitive inhibition	A molecule binds to part of the enzyme away from the active site, and causes a change in shape of the active site of the enzyme, thereby inhibiting the binding of the appropriate substrate molecule.
ADP	A low energy molecule that forms ATP when a phosphate molecule is added.
Phosphorylation	The addition of a phosphate group.
ATP synthase	An enzyme which produces ATP.
Dehydrogenase	An enzyme which removes hydrogen ions and electrons from substrates
Oxaloacetate	Combines with acetyl coenzyme A to form citrate during the citric acid cycle.
Competitive inhibition	Occurs when an inhibitor, resembling the structure of the substrate, binds to the active site of the enzyme and blocks the binding of the substrate
FAD	An alternative to NAD. A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.
Metabolism	The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Induced fit	A slight change in shape (a squeeze) of the active site of the enzyme that allows the substrate to fit perfectly
Citrate	Formed during the citric acid cycle when oxaloacetate combines with acetyl coenzyme.
Energy investment phase	The first phase of glycolysis where 2 molecules of ATP are required.
Glycolysis	The first stage of respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
Lactate	Pyruvate is converted to this molecule during fermentation/anaerobic respiration.
Matrix of mitrochondrion	The specific area of a mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle takes place.
Energy pay-off phase	The last phase of glycolysis where 4 molecules of ATP are produced.
Anaerobic respiration	Respiration that takes place without oxygen. Also known as fermentation.

Created by: amymurney

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