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CfE Higher 1-2
Vocab from Topic 1 (Structure & Replication of DNA) & Topic 2 (Gene Expression)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Adenine | The base found on DNA and RNA that always pairs with thymine. |
Amino acid | The molecules joined together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides (which when folded become proteins). |
Anticodon | The triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule that match with three bases on an mRNA strand. |
Cytosine | The base found on DNA and RNA that always pairs with guanine. |
Deoxyribose | The name of the sugar found in DNA. |
DNA polymerase | The enzyme that attaches to and moves along a DNA molecule during replication. |
Eukaryote | Any organism whose cells contain internal membranes. |
Exons | The coding regions of mRNA that bind together to form the mature mRNA transcript. |
Guanine | The base found on DNA and RNA that always pairs with cytosine. |
Introns | The non-coding regions of mRNA that are spliced out of the primary transcript. |
Ligase | The enzyme involved the joining sections of DNA together (necessary for DNA replication, genetic engineering, etc.). |
Plasmid | A small, circular piece of DNA found in prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria). |
Ribose | The name of the sugar found in RNA. |
Ribosome | The structure within a cell (made from rRNA and protein) where protein synthesis takes place. |