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Ch 10 Bio
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA sugar | Deoxyribose |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
3 type RNA | Messenger Ribsomal Transfer |
RNA sugar | ribose |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
Nucleotide | basic structural unit of nucleic acids |
Nitrogenous base | make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA |
Purine | crystalline compound with basic properties |
Pyrimidine | colorless crystalline compound with basic propertie |
Base paring rules | constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA |
Complementary base pair | nucleotide bases on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA |
Base sequence | order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule |
DNA replication | double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules |
helicase | separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied |
replication fork | two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand |
DNA polymerase | enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA |
Semi-conservative replication | two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand |
mutation | the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes |
Transcription | written or printed representation of something |
Translation | moving something |
Protein Synthesis | genetic code puts together proteins in the cell |
RNA polymerase | enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription |
promoter | promotes something |
termination | ending or final point of something |
signal | wave transmitted or received |
genetic codes | four-letter code of DNA is translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids |
codon | three adjacent nucleotides |
anticodon | three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule |
genome | set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism |