click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ch 10 dna vocab
vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
virulent | disease-causing strain of a bacterium |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) | bacterium that caused lung-disease |
S strain | smooth-edged colonies grown in Petri dishes |
R strain | rough-edged colonies grown in Petri dishes |
transformation | transfer of genetic material from one cell or organism to another |
Oswald Avery | American researcher who, in the early 1940s, tested if transforming agent was protein, RNA, or DNA |
Frederick Griffith | British medical officer who, in 1928, studied and experimented on bacterium called S. pneumoniae |
bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria |
Escherischia coli (E. coli) | bacteria that Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey experimented on |
nucleotide | repeating subunits of the strands of DNA |
deoxyribose | what the five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotide is called |
nitrogenous base | a base that is made of nitrogen and carbon atoms, and also accepts hydrogen ions |
hydrogen bonds | the bonds formed between bases of a strand of DNA |
purines | bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms ex. adenine and guanine |
pyrimidines | bases that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms ex. cytosine and thymine |
thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine | the four different kinds of ways the nitrogenous bases form |
rings | nitrogenous bases and their chemical structure |
base-pairing rules | the rules that state which bases form with other bases |
strands | the two long chains that are in a single nucleic-acid chain of DNA |
complementary base pairs | the bases that pair with their corresponding side i.e. A-T and C-G |
base sequence | the order of bases on a chain of DNA |
helicase | the enzymes that separate the DNA strands |
replication fork | Y-shaped region that results when the two strands separate |
DNA polymerases | enzymes that add complementary nucleotides |
semi-conservative replication | type of replication in DNA that states each new DNA molecule conserves one of the previous DNA strands, the other previous strand remaining there |
ribonucleic acid | polymeric molecule responsible for various roles in DNA such as decoding, coding, and expression of genes |
mRNA | RNA molecule that conveys genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome and uses that information to specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression |
tRNA | a type of RNA that helps decode a mRNA sequence into a protein |
rRNA | the RNA component of the ribosome, which is essential for protein synthesis in all living things |
RNA | one of the three essential macro-molecules for all known forms of life in biology |