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ch 10
biology ch. 10 nucleic acids and protein synthesis.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide | sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and 1 of 4 nitrogen-containing bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). |
| sugar (DNA) | deoxyribose |
| sugar (RNA) | ribose |
| nitrogen containing bases (4) | adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T) |
| adenine and guanine | purines made of two rings of carbon |
| cytosine and thymine | pyrimidines made of one carbon ring |
| complementary base pairs | C-G, T-A |
| replication | the process of copying DNA in a cell. |
| helicases | enzymes that separate 2 nucleotide chains. |
| DNA polymerase | enzymes that bind to the separate chains of DNA |
| original sequence of DNA | ATTCCG |
| the new nucleotide chain | TAAGGC |
| mutation | change in the nucleotide sequence |
| RNA | responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol |
| structure of RNA | sugar, (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen containing base |
| RNA differs from DNA... | the sugar is ribose, thymine is NOT present, but uracil is, and RNA is single stranded. |
| types of RNA | messenger (mRNA), Transfer (tRNA), ribosomal (rRNA). |
| watson and Crick | 1953- suggested model of double helix for structure of DNA. inspired by the x-ray photos of DNA crystals. 1962 nobel prize in medicine. |
| bases | face toward the center and face the base of other chains with which they form hydrogen bonds. |
| messenger RNA | consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain. carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to cytosol (cytoplasm) |
| transfer RNA | binds to specific amino acids. about 45 varieties. consists of about 80 RNA nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids. |
| Ribosomal RNA | most abundant form. Consists of RNA nucleotides in globular form. joined by proteins, it makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. |
| transcription | process by which genetic information is copied fromDNA to RNA. makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. |
| transcripts | products of transcription. (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) |
| protein synthesis | production of proteins. |
| proteins | polymers made of one or more polypeptides. |
| genetic code | a correlation between a nucleotide sequence and and an amino acid sequence. |
| codon | 3 mRNA nucleotides, signal for translation of an mRNA to start or stop |
| start codon | AUG |
| stop codon | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| amino acids (20) | sequence of amino acids determines how the polypeptides will twist and fold into the three dimensional structure of the protein. |
| peptide bonds | link together a specific sequence of amino acids. |
Created by:
alexgibson14
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