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Chapter 10!
Nucleic Acids & Protein synthesis
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA nucleotide has three parts. | sugar, phosphate and bases. |
Adenine and Guanine have two rings of carbon. | Cytosine and thymine |
Replication- | The process of copying DNA in a cell. |
RNA | repeating units: consists of ribose (sugar) Uracil. RNA single stranded. |
Transcription: | Process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. |
protein synthesis | The production of proteins. |
The Genetic Code | correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence. |
3 mRNA | codon |
Start codon | AUG |
stop codon | UAA, UAG, UGA |
Translation | process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in RNA |
Purine | double ringed carbon and nitrogen atoms. |
Pyrimidines | Single ringed base of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
complementary base pairs | contains double ringed purine |
base sequence | order of nitrogen bases on a chain of DNA |
helicases | separate DNA strands |
replication fork | when two strands separate. |
DNA replication | process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meosis or binary fission. |
promoter | is a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. |
termination signal | is basically the"stop sign" |
genome | entire gene sequence of the human. complete genetic content. |
ribose | sugar |
anti codon | three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon |
protein structure | every protein is made of one or more polypeptides |
translation | all three major types of RNA are involved in translation: the making of protein. |
messenger RNA | a single stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. |
transfer RNA | transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. |
one special codon | AUG acts as a start codon |
deoxyribose | five carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide |