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Biology ch. 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
shape of DNA | Double Helix |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
three parts of Nucleotides | sugar, base, phosphate |
four bases | Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C), Thymine(T) |
compliments to each base | C-G and T-A |
What did Watson and Crick receive in 1962? | Nobel Prize in medicine |
Genetics | genetics is the study of heredity and how traits pass parent to offspring |
DNA is made of what? | 2 chains of Nucleotides |
Heredity | Passing of traits, parent to offspring |
Trait | genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
chains of nucleotides are separated by... | enzymes called helicases |
DNA polymerase | bind separated chains of DNA |
Accuracy and repair | one error in every 10,000 |
proofreading | brings error rate down to one in every one billion nucleotides. |
mutations | occur in a change of the nucleotide sequence |
sugar in DNA | deoxyribose |
purines | Adenine and guanine |
pyridines | Cytosine and Thymine |
after polymerase | 2 new copies of the original DNA are created |
RNA | ribonucleic aid |
Structure of RNA | Sugar(ribose), Phosphate, nitrogen(containing base) |
differs from DNA and RNA | sugar is ribose, phosphate, nitrogen containing base |
transcription | process where info. is copied from RNA to DNA |
protein synthesis | production of proteins |
types of RNA | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
mRNA | `messenger RNA |
Transfer RNA | tRNA |
rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
genetic code | a correlation between nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence |
ribosomes | composed of rRNA and proteins and are free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. |