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Ch6 METABOLISM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency |
| activation energy | energy necessary for reactions to occur |
| active site | specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds |
| allosteric inhibition | inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate |
| anabolic | (also, anabolism) pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| bioenergetics | study of energy flowing through living systems |
| catabolic | (also, catabolism) pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones |
| chemical energy | potential energy in chemical bonds that is released when those bonds are broken |
| coenzyme | small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme |
| cofactor | inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity |
| competitive inhibition | type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme |
| denature | process that changes the natural properties of a substance |
| endergonic | describes chemical reactions that require energy input |
| enthalpy | total energy of a system |
| entropy (S) | measure of randomness or disorder within a system |
| exergonic | describes chemical reactions that release free energy |
| feedback inhibition | effect of a product of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway that produces it |
| free energy | Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work. |
| heat energy | total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
| heat | energy energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the motion of molecules or particles) |
| induced fit | dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding |
| kinetic energy | type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism |
| phosphoanhydride bond | bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule |
| potential energy | type of energy that has the potential to do work; stored energy |
| substrate | molecule on which the enzyme acts |
| thermodynamics | study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter |
| transition state | high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction |
Created by:
v_saldi
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