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6wks 3rd 9wk review
meiosis, gene mutation, chromosomal mutation, genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Meiosis | Specialized type of cell division in which four haploid (n) gametes, daughter cells, are formed from one diploid (2n) cell. This Increase genetic diversity. |
Gametes | Specialized sex cells that are also know as haploid cells; (n) that contain half the total chromosome number. |
Fertilization | The fusion of two sex cells and develops a zygote (diploid 2n) |
Gene Deletion | A type of frame shift that occurs when one or more bases are removed from a DNA sequence for a gene. |
Insertion | A type of frame shift that occurs when one or more new bases are added within a DNA sequence for a gene. |
Substitution | Also called point mutation, this occurs when a base is replace with a different base. |
Duplication | A large piece of the chromosome is repeated. |
Inversion | A piece of chromosome is removed and readded after being flipped, reversing its orientation. |
Chromosomal deletion | A piece of the chromosome is lost. |
Chromosome Mutation | A mutation that affects multiple genes |
Nondisjunction | During meiosis when chromosomes pairs don't separate correctly and both chromosomes go to the same daughter cell. |
Sexual Reproduction | The union of two gamete cells (1 sperm cell and 1 egg cell) that forms an offspring. |
Meiosis I | Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I |
Meiosis II | Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II |
Crossing over | A random exchange of chromosome segments. By mixing up the genes on the chromosomes, genetic variation increases. |
Karyotype | Looking at a photograph of an individual's chromosomes and arranging them into pairs. |
Chromosome 23 | Determines gender. Chromosome x and chromosome x = Female Chromosome x and chromosome y = Male |
Chromosomal Disorder | A missing or extra chromosome that can cause genetic disorders, such as an extra chromosome 21 is known as Down syndrome. |
Alleles | Different forms of genes for a single trait. |
Dominant | Gene that is always expressed |
Heterozygous | Genotypes made of two different alleles, such as Dd |
Homozygous | Genotypes made of the same alleles, such as AA or bb |
Recessive | Gene that is expressed only in a homozygous state, such as ee |
phenotype | A physical trait that can seen. |
Genome | the entire heredity of an organism. |