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Medical Emergencies
Chapter 2 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contagious | a disease that may be transmitted to another person by direct or indirect contact. |
| Induration | hardness of a tissue, such as a positive skin test for tuberculosis |
| Infectious | capable of causing an infection |
| Mantoux TB Skin Test | a skin test that screens for tuberculosis infection |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | an infectious, inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the pulmonary system |
| Aggregation | process of clumping together, as is platelets forming a clot |
| Agranulocytosis | an acute disease characterized by a dramatic disease in the production of granulocytes, leaving the body defenseless against bacterial invasion; often caused by drugs or chemicals that affect the bone marrow and depress the formation of granulocytes. |
| Blood Dyscrasia | an alteration in blood cells levels, can include white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets |
| Luekopenia | reduction in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood with the count being 5,000 or less |
| Neutropenia | a diminished number of neutrophils in the blood |
| Postural Hypotension | reduction in blood pressure that results from drug-induced vasodilation |
| Thrombocytopenia | a decrease in the number of platelets in circulation blood |
| What is another name for Tuberculosis? | consumption |
| What is the cause of Tuberculosis? | infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| How is Tuberculosis transmitted? | through inhalation of bacteria |
| What does Tuberculosis infect? (7 options) | lungs, lymph nodes, meninges, kidneys, bone, skin, and oral cavity |
| What are some objectives and factors of someone with latent TB infection? | no symptoms, does not feel sick, cannot spread TB to others, has a skin or blood test resulting in TB infection, have a normal chest x-ray and negative sputum smear, needs treatment for latent TB infection to prevent active TB |
| What are some objective and factors of someone with active TB? | has symptoms, usually feels sick, may spread TB bacteria to others, has a skin or blood test indicating TB infection, may have abnormal chest x-ray or positive sputum smear or culture, needs treatment to treat active TB disease |
| What are some symptoms of active TB? | persistent cough (for more than three weeks), night sweats, fever, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, pain in chest, positive skin test reaction (Mantoux) |
| What are the 3 questions in the health history information that leads to assumptions of TB? | have you been around anyone with active TB? do you have a persistent cough greater than a three week duration? do you have a cough that produces blood |
| What are the three criteria to be met before treatment of active TB patients can be seen? | not be in the coughing stage, have three consecutive negative sputum smears taken on the separate days, have taken effective anti-TB drugs for at least three weeks, bonus: physician should verify successful tx by ordering a culture after the three weeks |
| What is a Mantoux TB skin test? | a PPD-purified protein derivative test |
| What are the positive signs of the Mantoux TB test? | changes within 84-72 hours, induration, redness, size of 15mm |
| What does the medication Isoniazid do for TB? | fights bacteria, used to treat and prevent TB, may become ruesistant to treatment, should and can be used with other medications |
| What does the medication Rifampin do for TB? | antibiotic that fights and prevents bacteria from spreading in the body, used to treat or is a prevention of TB, |
| What does the medication Pyrazinamide do for TB? | antibiotic but actual way it works is unknown |
Created by:
daisenmurray
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