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Chap 5
Bio vocab, all chap 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| Equilibrium | A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Isotonic | A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Contractile Vacuole | In protozoans, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure |
| Turgor Pressure | The pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell |
| Plasmolysis | The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis |
| Cytolysis | the bursting of a cell |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| Ion Channel | A pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass |
| Active Transport | The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| Vesicle | A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell |
| Pinocytosis | A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
| Phagocyte | A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms |
| Exocytosis | The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
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Sadrian18
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