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Maintain Temperature
Methods of Heat transfer, Ectotherms and Endotherms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where do metabolic reactions happen? (Biggest source of heat) | In the liver |
| Define conduction | How heat transfers from one object to another |
| Define convection | Heat transfers between an organism and an air current |
| Define Radiation | Heat is released as a wave from a hot oject |
| Define Evaporation | Heat is lost when water changes from liquid to a gas (sweat) |
| What is an ectotherm? | an animal whose body temperature changes depending on the temperature of the environment |
| What is an endotherm? | an animal who can maintain a stable body temperature internally |
| Which groups of vertebrate animals are ectotherms? | Cold-blooded: Fish, Amphibians (frog, newt), Reptiles |
| which groups of vertebrae animals are endotherms? | Mammals and birds |
| An advantage of being and endotherm? | Live in a variety of environments |
| A disadvantage of being an endotherm? | More energy required to live (need food). |
| Are dogs endotherms or ectotherms? And why? | Endotherms because even though they don't sweat, they shiver and have fur to keep them warm |
| What glands keep endotherms cool? | Sweat glands |
| Why are ectotherms more limited in their choice of environment? | They are dependent on the environmental temperature. |
| What centre in the brain communicates messages? | Thermoregulatory centre |
| What 2 sensors or detectors pick up a change in outward temperature in a human | Hypothalamus (as blood passes through the brain) and the skin. |
| What is the effector of feeling too hot? | Sweating |
| What is it called when the body returns to optimum conditions? | Response |
| What is it called when the smooth muscle in the arterioles constrict when the body is too cold? | Vasoconstriction |
| What is it called when the smooth muscle in the arterioles relax when the body is too hot? | Vasodilation |
| What do the erector pili muscles do when the body is too cold and what happens? | Contract - the hairs on the arm stand up |
| What do the glands secrete when the body is too cold and why? | Adrenaline and thyroxine which increase the metabolic rate. |
| What do the skeletal muscles produce when the body is too cold? | Shivering |
| What is considered to be the normal body temperature? | 37C |
| What do the glands stop releasing when the body is too hot? | Adrenaline and thyroxine |
| How is the skin adapted to regulate temperature? (Name 5 things) | 1.It has hair 2.Thick layer of fat 3.Sweat glands 4. Capillary network 5.Thermoreceptors |
| What happens to the blood during vasocontriction? | Blood flows deep down so that little heat is lost |
| What happens to the blood during vasodilation? | Arterioles dilate so that blood flows closer to the skin causing heat loss through skin. |
Created by:
saltpopcorn
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